“Kule veki, amaxabiso eumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso zemarike ziye zahlengahlengiswa ngokubuthathaka, kwaye ukukhula komyalelo wexesha eliphezulu akuzange kufezekise ukulindela.Abarhwebi banomsebenzi ophezulu, kodwa imfuno esezantsi yomlambo ayinamandla, kwaye umdla wokuthengwa kweshishini awuphezulu.Abanini balumkile kwaye babukele, okukhokelela ekumisweni kweentengiselwano.Kutshanje, iBhunga likaRhulumente licebise ukukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu weumhlaba onqabileyoishishini, kunye neQumrhu loRhwebo likhuphe isaziso sokomeleza ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle komhlaba onqabileyo, olunokuba nefuthe elihle kumaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwemfuno yexesha elifutshane kubuthathaka, kwaye amaxabiso asazakuba buthathaka kwaye azinzile. ”
Isishwankathelo seMarike yeNdawo enqabileyo yomhlaba
Kule veki, amaxabiso eumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ziye zahlengahlengiswa ngokubuthathaka, kwaye ukujikelezwa kweemveliso ezidibeneyo kwanele.Iinkampani zokwahlula ziqinile kwaye zizinzile kwixabiso, kwaye okwangoku iindleko zokusetyenzwa kwe-oxide ziphezulu.Iinkampani ezilahliweyo zinobonelelo olulinganiselweyo kwaye ziyathandabuza ukuthengisa iimpahla zazo, ngelixa ezinye iifektri zokwahlula zifuna amaxabiso aphantsi ukuze ziphinde zizalise iimpahla zazo.Ukuvuma ngokubanzi ukuthumela ngenqanawa kuphantsi, ngakumbi kugxilwe ekuzinziseni amaxabiso.
Umoya obandayo kunye nenkangala kwimarike yendawo enqabileyo yomhlaba uyaqhubeka, kunye namaxabiso emveliso eqhelekileyo aqhubeka nokuhla, amaxabiso epraseodymium kunye neodymium egcina ukuguquguquka, kunye nomsebenzi ophantsi we-dysprosium kunye ne-terbium.Abavelisi besinyithi banomnqweno ophantsi wokunciphisa amaxabiso, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, iindleko zokuvelisa isinyithi ziguqulwa kakhulu, okubangelwa ukunqongophala kwempahla yebala.Umzi-mveliso wemagnethi unike ingxelo yokuba zimbalwa iiodolo ezintsha ezifunyenweyo, kunye namazinga okusebenza asuka kwi-70% ukuya kuma-80%.Ukukhula kwee-odolo zentengiso kuyacotha, kwaye amashishini ahlukeneyo alumkile ekugcinweni kwempahla, kunye nokuzaliswa okuncinci kwexesha elifutshane.
Ngokubanzi, ngenxa yeendleko zokuvelisa ezibuthathaka kunye nemfuno ephantsi, ixabiso le-praseodymium neodymium oxide liya kuhlala libuthathaka kwaye lizinzile, kwaye amaxabiso e-dysprosium kunye neemveliso ze-terbium nazo ziya kuqhubeka nokuhla.Nangona kunjalo, imigaqo-nkqubo yamva nje enxulumene nomhlaba inqabile, kwaye intsingiselo yexabiso elizayo kulindeleke ukuba iphucuke.
Amaxabiso emveliso aphambili
| Itheyibhile yoTshintsho kwiXabiso leMveliso eziPhambili eziRare Earth | |||||||
| umhla imveliso | Ngomhla wesi-3 kuNovemba | Nge-6 kaNovemba | Nge-7 kaNovemba | Nge-8 kaNovemba | Nge-9 kaNovemba | ubungakanani obuguquguqukayo | ixabiso eliphakathi |
| Neodymium praseodymium oxide | 51.15 | 51.64 | 51.34 | 51.23 | 51.18 | 0.03 | 51.31 |
| Isinyithi sepraseodymium neodymium | 62.83 | 63.26 | 63.15 | 62.90 | 62.80 | -0.03 | 62.99 |
| i-dysprosium oxide | 264.38 | 264.25 | 263.88 | 263.25 | 262.25 | -2.13 | 263.60 |
| i-terbium oxide | 805.63 | 805.63 | 803.50 | 800.38 | 796.50 | -9.13 | 802.33 |
| i-praseodymium oxide | 52.39 | 52.39 | 52.35 | 52.35 | 52.35 | -0.04 | 52.37 |
| I-Gadolinium oxide | 27.05 | 27.06 | 27.01 | 27.01 | 27.01 | -0.04 | 27.03 |
| i-holmium oxide | 57.63 | 57.63 | 56.56 | 56.31 | 55.14 | -2.49 | 56.65 |
| neodymia | 52.18 | 52.18 | 52.13 | 52.13 | 52.13 | -0.05 | 52.15 |
| Qaphela: Iiyunithi zexabiso ezingentla zonke ziyi-RMB 10,000 / ton, zonke ezibandakanya irhafu. | |||||||
Utshintsho lwamaxabiso eemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo eziqhelekileyo kule veki ziboniswa kumzobo ongentla.NgoLwesine, i-quotation ye-praseodymium neodymium oxide yayingu-511800 yuan / ton, ukwanda kwe-3300 yuan / ton xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;I-quotation ye-metal praseodymium neodymium yi-628000 yuan/ton, ukuncipha kwe-0300 yuan/toni xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;Isicatshulwa se-dysprosium oxide yi-2.6225 yezigidi ze-yuan / ton, ukuncipha kwe-2.13 yezigidi ze-yuan / toni xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;I-quotation ye-terbium oxide yi-7.965 yezigidi ze-yuan / ton, ukuncipha kwe-91300 yuan / ton xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;I-quotation ye-praseodymium oxide yi-523500 yuan / ton, ukuncipha kwe-0400 yuan / ton xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;Isicatshulwa se-gadolinium oxide yi-270100 yuan / ton, ukuncipha kwe-0.0400 yuan / ton xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;I-quotation ye-holmium oxide yi-551400 yuan / ton, ukuncipha kwe-24900 yuan / ton xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo;I-quotation ye-neodymium oxide yi-521300 yuan / ton, ukuhla kwe-50000 yuan / toni xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso langoLwesihlanu odlulileyo.
Idatha yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle komhlaba enqabileyo
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2023, i-China ingenise iitoni ze-10818.7 zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ukuhla kwe-31.9% ngenyanga ngenyanga kunye ne-21.5% ngonyaka-ngonyaka, ngexabiso lokungenisa kwi-136.6 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika.Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2023, i-China ingenise i-145000 yeetoni zomhlaba onqabileyo, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-39.8%, kunye nexabiso elipheleleyo le-1.83 yeedola zaseMelika.Imeko ethile yokungenisa elizweni imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba ka-2022, i-China yathumela ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-49000 zomhlaba onqabileyo kwaye yathumela ngaphandle isimbuku se-1.06 yezigidigidi zeedola zaseMelika.Ngo-Okthobha ka-2023, i-China yathumela ngaphandle kwe-4290.6 yeetoni zomhlaba onqabileyo, ukwanda kwe-9% ngenyanga ngenyanga kunye ne-19.1% unyaka nonyaka, ngexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-37.1 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika.Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2023, i-China yathumela ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-44000 zomhlaba onqabileyo, ukwanda kwe-7.7% unyaka nonyaka, kunye nexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-660 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika.Idatha ethile yokuthumela ngaphandle imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweerobhothi ezinobuntu obunemagnethi enqabileyo yomhlaba esisigxina okanye iindawo zokukhula ezinokubakho
Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso olutsha lwetekhnoloji, iirobhothi ze-humanoid ziye zaba lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lophuhliso kwinkalo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.Ngomhla we-2 kaNovemba, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi ukhuphe "Iimbono eziKhokelelwayo kuPhuhliso oluNtsha lwe-Humanoid Robots", echaza ngokucacileyo iinjongo zophuhliso kunye nexesha lexesha loshishino lwe-robot ye-humanoid kwaye icwangciswe ukuphumeza ukuveliswa kwemveliso ngo-2025.
Kule mihla, iirobhothi ze-humanoid zenze impumelelo ebalulekileyo kunye nezinto ezintsha ekuqapheliseni okubonakalayo, imodeli yolwimi, i-servo ye-electric drive, kunye nesoftware kunye noyilo lwehardware.Iirobhothi zeHumanoid zidibanisa itekhnoloji ephucukileyo efana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphezulu, kunye nezinto ezintsha, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zibe ziimveliso eziphazamisayo emva kweekhompyuter, ii-smartphones, kunye nezithuthi zamandla amatsha.Banesakhono esikhulu sophuhliso kunye nethemba elibanzi lezicelo, okubenza babe ngumkhondo omtsha kumashishini exesha elizayo.
Ngaphambili, uTesla wabhengeza ukuba izakuqala ngokusesikweni ukuvelisa iirobhothi ze-humanoid ngo-2023, ibe yeyona nto iqhuba imfuno yehlabathi ye-neodymium yentsimbi ye-boron magnetic esebenza kakhulu, itshintsha kakhulu ubume bayo.Ukucinga ukuba imfuno ye-high-performance neodymium iron boron kwi-robot eyodwa ye-humanoid yi-3.5kg, kulindeleke ukuba zonke iirobhothi ze-1 yezigidi ze-humanoid ziya kuhambelana nemfuno ye-3500 yeetoni ze-high-performance neodymium iron boron.Ngokuqikelelwa ngokucokisekileyo, imfuno yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-neodymium iron boron yeerobhothi zeTesla iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-6150 ngo-2025.
Okwangoku, iirobhothi ze-humanoid ziye zasetyenziswa okokuqala kumashishini afana nezemfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nemizi-mveliso, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zigubungele phantse zonke iimeko ezisezantsi ezibandakanya ukusebenza kwabantu kwixesha elizayo, zithatha indawo yabantu kwimisebenzi enzima kunye neyingozi.Okwangoku, "iRobhothi +" igubungele 206 iindidi zamashishini angama-65.Ukuze kusungulwe kwaye kuphuhliswe amandla edijithali kunye nokukhuthaza isahluko esitsha sendlela yaseTshayina yokuphucula imeko yangoku, imfuno esezantsi yoshishino lwemagnethi esisigxina kulindeleke ukuba izise ukukhula okutsha.
Ulwazi lwamva nje lweshishini
1,Ngomhla wesi-3 kuNovemba, uLi Qiang wongamela intlanganiso yesigqeba seBhunga leSizwe ukufunda nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini lomhlaba onqabileyo.Intlanganiso yabonisa ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo yimithombo yezimbiwa enobuchule.Kufuneka silungelelanise ukuphonononga, uphuhliso, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nolawulo olusemgangathweni lwemithombo yomhlaba enqabileyo, kunye nemikhosi eyahlukeneyo efana neshishini, izifundiswa, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa.Siza kukhuthaza uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesizukulwana esitsha esiluhlaza kunye nokusebenza kwemigodi, ukukhetha, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokunyibilikisa, ukwandisa uphando kunye nenkqubo yoshishino lwezinto ezintsha ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ukutshabalalisa imigodi engekho mthethweni, ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha, kwaye kugxininise ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso oluphezulu, olukrelekrele, kunye nohlaza kushishino lomhlaba olunqabileyo.
I-2, Ngomhla we-7 kaNovemba, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo weRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseChina ukhuphe "iNkqubo yoPhando lweNkcazo yokuThumela kunye nokuThunyela ngaphandle kweeMveliso zeBulk".Isaziso sicebisa ukomeleza ulawulo lothunyelo kumazwe angaphandle komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokubandakanya umhlaba onqabileyo ophantsi kolawulo lwelayisensi yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiikhathalogu ezifanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-13-2023